Abstract: This study focuses on the validity and reliability of constructs related to the implementation of the Inclusive Education Program (IEP), teacher motivation, and resource teacher needs among secondary school teachers in Malaysia. The national education system aims to provide an inclusive educational framework for all students, including those with special educational needs (SEN). However, challenges persist in addressing the diverse needs of students at different educational levels, particularly at the secondary level where the curriculum becomes more complex and students face public examinations. Without the necessary support, students with SEN may encounter academic difficulties, leading to frustration, failure, and missed opportunities. Inclusive education, as emphasized by international guidelines, requires a student-centered approach that incorporates co-teaching methods to address the specific needs of SEN students. This approach leads to better curriculum mastery for these students. Resource teachers play a crucial role in supporting the effective implementation of the IEP, which aligns with the Ministry of Education's objectives. The primary aim of this research is to develop and validate an instrument that measures the implementation of the IEP, focusing on teacher knowledge, attitude, collaborative strategies, teaching methods, teacher training, and motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic), as well as the resource teacher needs in Malaysian secondary schools. The study employs quantitative research methods, utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships between the various variables. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is conducted prior to SEM to confirm the suitability of the items within the research instrument. The results of this study demonstrate that the validity and reliability of the constructs evaluated through measures such as Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), Total Variance Explained (TVE), Factor Loading (FL), and Cronbach’s Alpha (CA) meet the required standards.
Keywords: Inclusive Education, Teacher
Motivation, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Teachers Resources, Secondary
Education in Malaysia.