Abstract: English occupies a critical role within the national education system of Bangladesh, spanning Grades I through XII. The primary education sector, which includes students from Grades I to V, is designed to lay a foundational understanding of English literacy. This study aims to identify the challenges, recent advancements, and strategies for improving English language teaching at the primary level in Bangladesh. Adopting a qualitative research methodology, this study draws on semi-structured interviews with four Bangladeshi teachers to explore their perspectives on effective English teaching practices in primary schools. The qualitative data were analyzed through thematic coding to identify prevailing patterns. The findings reveal several significant challenges to effective English teaching and learning, including students' lack of engagement in English classes, resistance to learning a foreign language, limited vocabulary proficiency, insufficient development of the four language skills, and suboptimal class sizes. Consequently, this study contributes valuable insights by addressing current challenges and offering actionable recommendations for enhancing English language instruction in primary education in Bangladesh.
Keywords: Effective teaching; Primary education; Challenges; Strategies; Teachers perspectives